CRIMINAL LIABILITY OF ONLINE LOAN JOCKEY SERVICE PROVIDERS: A LEGAL ANALYSIS UNDER INDONESIAN POSITIVE LAW

• Muhammad Iqbal Dharmawan

  Universitas Airlangga

  Author

Online loan jockeys represent individuals or groups offering services to apply for loans using another person's identity, falsified identity, or fictitious identity. In practice, online loan jockeys cause losses not only to fintech lending companies but also to individuals whose personal data are stolen or misused. Therefore, legal accountability is required. This study examines the forms of criminal acts committed by online loan jockeys under Indonesian positive law and analyzes the criminal liability framework applicable to these service providers. The research employs normative legal methodology, utilizing statutory, case, and conceptual approaches. Findings reveal that online loan jockey conduct fulfills several criminal elements simultaneously: falsification of documents, fraudulent acts, unlawful manipulation of electronic information, and violations of personal data protection norms. Based on juridical analysis, online loan jockeys may be charged under Article 263 of the Indonesian Criminal Code (KUHP) for document forgery, Article 378 KUHP for fraud, Article 35 in conjunction with Article 51 of the Electronic Information and Transactions Law (ITE Law) for electronic data manipulation, and criminal provisions under the Personal Data Protection Law (PDP Law). The criminal act of online loan jockeying is multidimensional in nature, involving forgery, fraud, and cybercrime in an integrated manner. Criminal liability may be imposed cumulatively on the basis of concursus idealis (ideal concurrence), thereby creating a deterrent effect and ensuring maximum legal protection for the public.

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Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia 1945

Indonesian Criminal Code (KUHP)

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Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions

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